Autonomic system: The district of the system in vertebrates that controls
and regulates the inside organs with none aware recognition or effort by the
organism. The involuntary system includes
two antagonistic sets of nerves.
• Sympathetic system:
The sympathetic system connects the inside organs to the brain by spinal nerves.
Once nerves stimulated, they prepare the organism for stress by increasing the
heart rate, blood flow to the muscles, and decreasing blood flow to the skin.
• Parasympathetic system:
The nerve fibers of
the parasympathetic
nervous system square measure the cranial nerves, primarily the
wandering nerve, and therefore the body part spinal nerves. When they
stimulate, they increase biological process secretions and scale back the
heartbeat.
Ø Autonomic
neurology: It is
a form of polyneuropathy which affects the non-voluntary, non-sensory nervous
system, affecting mostly the internal organs such as the bladder muscles, the
cardiovascular system, the digestive tract, and the genital organs. These
nerves are not under a person's conscious control and function automatically.
Autonomic Neurology focuses
on clinical scenarios and presentation of clinical cases, organized into 3 sections:
· The first section reviews the anatomical and
biochemical mechanisms of central and peripheral nervous system control
of autonomic function, principles of autonomic pharmacology, and a clinical and
laboratory approach to the diagnosis of autonomic disorders.
· The second section focuses on the pathophysiology and
management of orthostatic hypotension, postural tachycardia, baroreflex
failure; syncope, disorders of sweating, neurogenic bladder and sexual
dysfunction, gastrointestinal dysmotility, and autonomic hyperactivity.
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