Bioremediation is a waste management technique that involves the use of organisms to remove or neutralize pollutants from a contaminated site. Technologies can be generally classified as in situ or ex situ. In situ bioremediation involves treating the contaminated material at the site, while ex situ involves the removal of the contaminated material to be treated elsewhere. Bioremediation may occur on its own (natural attenuation or intrinsic bioremediation) or may only effectively occur through the addition of fertilizers, oxygen, etc., that help encourage the growth of the pollution-eating microbes within the medium. However, not all contaminants are easily treated by bioremediation using microorganisms. Phytoremediation is useful in these circumstances because natural plants or transgenic plants are able to bioaccumulate these toxins in their above-ground parts, which are then harvested for removal.

§  In-situ bioremediation

§  Ex-situ bioremediation

§  Phytoremediation

§  Biodegradation

§  Mycoremediation