Dental
caries or cavities, more commonly known as tooth decay, are caused by a
breakdown of the tooth enamel. This breakdown is the result of bacteria on
teeth that breakdown foods and produce acid that destroys tooth enamel and
results in tooth decay.
Although
dental caries is largely preventable, they remain the most common chronic
disease of children aged 6 to 11 years and adolescents aged 12 to 19 years.
Tooth decay is four times more common than asthma among adolescents aged 14 to
17 years. Dental caries also affects adults, with 9 out of 10 over the age of
20 having some degree of tooth-root decay.
Water
fluoridation, named by CDC as one of the ten great public health achievements
of the 20th century, has been a major contributor to the decline of the rate of
tooth decay. Studies have shown that water fluoridation can reduce the amount
of decay in children’s teeth by 18-40%.
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